Soldiers undergoing intense military training were supplemented for 40 days with either a placebo, HMB, or HMB plus probiotic (Bacillus coagulans GBI-30).  While HMB and HMB plus probiotic attenuated the inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, CX3CL1, and TNF-α), HMB combined with the probiotic attenuated the inflammatory marker IL-10 and resulted in improved muscle integrity over HMB alone.  Therefore combining the probiotic with HMB may be more effective in maintaining muscle integrity than HMB alone during intense military training.